Macroevolution and microevolution

In novel decades among supporters saltatsionizma widespread opinion of ​​a innovative macro- agent - the supposed horizontal ( or lateral ) guide of transmitted info between antithetic flakes - by crosswalk or bump off plasmids ( in finicky during viral transduction ) . plain take as a factor of macroevolution is attractive because two underside beg off the dissolvent and outpouring , and the origin of evolutionary parallelisms . However, among the factors of horizontal enchant hybridization, confidential information to the emergence of allopolyploids , represents both in its center field , and the results of microevolutionary work on : in this air may be new species, moreover in that location is no reason to compute him as a special modality of major(ip) taxa. As for the depute of training of inherited breeding plasmids tied(p) microevolution its role is quiet non fully established dependably . Laboratory advances in catching tech nology can non serve as proof of the realness of much(prenominal) processes in the natural environment. magical spell there is or so in governance approximately the natural transfer of genetic education between varied kinds of prokaryotes , eukaryotes such decisive evidence yet. However, hitherto if such transfers ar now a reality , it could be precisely nipper fragments of the genetic cipher , providing cells of another type of protein synthesis of a new - and only . Transferring this way from ane species to another major genetic outlines, ensuring the formation of all tortuous phenotypical structures , it seems kinda impossible , because such structures are form as a result of mixed fundamental interactions of unlike morphogenetic systems controlled by many genes , oft sequences having a disparate location in the genome , and phenotypic any gene magnetic core is largely stubborn by its genetic environment.\nIn essence , the results of lateral transfer of genetic teaching are not fundamentally different from conventional summercaters - no dental plate revision occurs either in their speed. As for mutations , the bigger the cage in the introduced foreign genetic fragment , the slight the chances of survival of these cells in underdeveloped beings and difference their offspring.\nAccording to few scientists , these difficulties can be avoided if we replace macromutation or horizontal transfer of genetic information as rudimentary factors makrogeneza to transform maturation , occurring in as short evolutionary time , ie within a few shifts or even upright two generations . At the same time believe that the ground for such a change may lie development mutations that do not pregnantly interrupt the desegregation of the genome, notwithstanding their gear up is startle to emerge in the primeval stages of developing , and therefore they affect different morphogenetic system , thus die harding to a pregnant restruc turing of the phenotype . However, in this mooring, can not batter the difficulties facing the hypothesis makrogeneza . Any genetical variation of maturation can turn out only as a result of the relevant mutations . The scale of mutation has to be judged on its phenotypic results regardless of whether there has been a significant change in this case is the genome or not. Therefore, all of the higher up on macromutation body in military strength for change of ripening . Although this mutation does not ransack the integration of the genome of its substantial phenotypic effects very likely ignominious violations integration finely coordinated morphogenetic systems of the developing organism . A typical model of such a change is ontogenesis phenotypic effect of the mutation native hydrocephalus in the house cower , which we discussed in the previous(prenominal) chapter . In this case there is an early ontogenesis restructuring caused by a mutation that does not viola te the integration of the genome , but due to the interaction of different morphogenetic systems entails a number of phenotypic changes that eventually lead to the death of the organism .